Various Chemicals called coagulants and flocculants are used for treatment of waste water. Physico-chemical treatment of wastewater focuses primarily on the separation of colloidal particles. This is achieved through the addition of chemicals (called coagulants and flocculants). These change the physical state of the colloids allowing them to remain in an indefinitely stable form and therefore form into particles or flocs with settling properties.
The most commonly used coagulants are ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, aluminium sulfate, aluminium polychloride, lime, Sodium hydroxide.
Certain types of chemicals used in Waste Water Treatment
Coagulation refers to destabilization or neutralization of the negative charges contained in the wastewater by the addition of a coagulant applied during rapid mixing and a very short contact time. The quantity of coagulant applied during coagulation depends on the quality of water (domestic or industrial).
Flocculation refers to the formation of flocs and bridges. In this stage, previously formed flocs group together, increasing in volume and density, allowing them to be sedimented. This is achieved by applying a gradient and a contact time varying between 15 min and 3 h
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